What does "NPO" indicate regarding patient care?

"NPO," which stands for "nil per os" in Latin, translates to "nothing by mouth" in English. This term is crucial in patient care as it instructs that a patient should not consume food or drink for a specific period, often prior to surgical procedures, certain diagnostic tests, or when a patient has specific medical conditions that could be exacerbated by oral intake.

The purpose of this directive is to reduce the risk of aspiration, ensure patient safety during anesthesia, and prepare for interventions that require an empty stomach. When a patient is placed on NPO status, medical staff can monitor their hydration and nutritional needs through alternative methods, if necessary. This instruction is critical in preventing complications that could arise from oral intake when a patient's condition could be adversely affected.