What effect does osteoarthritis primarily have on the joints?

Osteoarthritis primarily leads to the degeneration of cartilage within the joints, which serves as a cushion and allows for smooth movement between the bones. As the cartilage wears down over time, the bones may start to rub against each other, leading to inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the affected joints. This degeneration is a key characteristic of osteoarthritis and is the main reason individuals experience discomfort and restricted motion associated with the condition.

In contrast, increased flexibility and movement are not characteristics of osteoarthritis; rather, it often results in decreased range of motion as the joints become stiff and painful. The destruction of muscle fibers and loss of nerve function are not direct results of osteoarthritis. While adjacent muscle strength may be affected due to reduced activity and pain, these processes do not encapsulate the primary impact of osteoarthritis on joint health. The essence of osteoarthritis is indeed the degeneration of cartilage, leading to the pain and functional limitations experienced by many individuals.