Which nervous system disorder is characterized by demyelination of neurons?

The disorder characterized by demyelination of neurons is multiple sclerosis. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This damage disrupts communication between the brain and other parts of the body, leading to a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, vision problems, and difficulty with coordination and balance.

While Guillain-Barré Syndrome primarily affects the peripheral nervous system and involves demyelination, it does not involve the central nervous system to the same extent as multiple sclerosis. Guillain-Barré is often triggered by an infection and can lead to temporary paralysis, but the context of demyelination in relation to multiple sclerosis makes the latter the more classic representation of this process.

In contrast, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease do not involve demyelination. Parkinson's disease is primarily characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in specific areas of the brain, leading to motor control issues. Alzheimer's disease involves the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, causing cognitive decline but does not involve the demyelination of neurons.

Understanding multiple sclerosis as a demyelinating disorder is crucial since it helps in recognizing its symptoms and the mechanism by which it affects neuronal communication