Which term refers to the condition of being without breathing?

The term that refers to the condition of being without breathing is apnea. This medical term specifically indicates a temporary cessation of breathing, which can occur in various situations, such as during sleep or as a result of a medical condition. Apnea is crucial in medical assessments since it can signify underlying health issues, especially if it is prolonged or recurrent.

Understanding the other terms can provide context: dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, dyspnea indicates difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, and contracture is a condition where muscle or tendon fibers become permanently shortened, restricting movement. These terms highlight different physiological issues that do not relate directly to the cessation of breathing, thereby reinforcing why apnea is the appropriate choice for the condition defined in the question.